Worker Competence and Structure
Hall (1968) studied occupational groups in 27 organizations to explore the
relation between work competence and organization structure (Scott p. 263).
He found that more highly qualified workers were found in organizations
with less Weberian bureaucratic attributes (hierarch of authority, functional
specialization, rules, procedural specification, impersonality). Thus worker
competence has an effect on structure. This may be somewhat cultural however
-- studies of Japanese organizations show that less specialization and centralized
decision making (opposites in traditional definitions of bureaucratic attributes)
is present there, though there is more decentralized informal decision making
in Japan that compensates for it. (Scott p. 264).