## DATA SCIENCE IN A PANDEMIC

## Professor Dennis F.X. Mathaisel

## Original Script Created by: Thibaut FABACHER

## Script Modified by Dong Hyun (Veo) Chae under direction of Professor Mathaisel

## Data Source: John Hopkins University Dataset

## This script entails the data structure visualization

## referenced as Figure 12 in the publication.

#Packages Utilized

library(shiny)

library(leaflet)

library(RColorBrewer)

library(rgdal)

library(RCurl)

library(plotly)

library(viridis)

library(tidyverse)

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# THIS IS START OF THE SCRIPT #

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variable <-F

#loading the masterfile the original producer has created.

load(“C:/Users/dchae2/Desktop/Geographic Confirmed Cases/data/shapeFile.RData”)

#function that alters names of the regions to a official names.

dataCook<- function(data, pop, countries){

data$`Country/Region`<-as.character(data$`Country/Region`)

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Macau”]<- “Macao”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Mainland China”]<- “China”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”South Korea”]<- “South Korea”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”North Macedonia”]<- “Macedonia”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Czech Republic”]<- “Czechia”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Dominican Republic”]<- “Dominican Rep.”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”UK”]<- “United Kingdom”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Gibraltar”]<- “United Kingdom”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”US”]<- “United States”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Saint Barthelemy”]<- “St-Barth√©lemy”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Faroe Islands”]<- “Faeroe Is.”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Bosnia and Herzegovina”]<- “Bosnia and Herz.”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Vatican City”]<- “Vatican”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Korea, South”]<- “South Korea”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Republic of Ireland”]<- “Ireland”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Taiwan*”]<-“Taiwan”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Congo (Kinshasa)”]<-“Congo”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Cote d’Ivoire”]<-“C√¥te d’Ivoire”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Reunion”]<-“France”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Martinique”]<-“France”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”French Guiana”]<-“France”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Holy See”]<-“Vatican”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Cayman Islands”]<-“Cayman Is.”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Guadeloupe”]<-“France”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Antigua and Barbuda”]<-“Antigua and Barb.”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Curacao”]<-“Cura√ßao”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Guadeloupe”]<-“France”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”occupied Palestinian territory”]<-“Palestine”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Congo (Brazzaville)”]<-“Congo”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Equatorial Guinea”]<-“Guinea”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Central African Republic”]<-“Central African Rep.”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”South Sudan”]<-“S. Sudan”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Eswatini”]<-“eSwatini”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Western Sahara”]<-“W. Sahara”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Burma”]<-“Myanmar”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Sao Tome and Principe”]<-“S√£o Tom√© and Principe”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Saint Vincent and the Grenadines”]<-“St. Vin. and Gren.”

data$`Country/Region`[data$`Country/Region`==”Saint Kitts and Nevis”]<-“St. Kitts and Nevis”

data$Pays<-as.character(unique(countries$NAME)[charmatch(data$`Country/Region`,unique(countries$NAME))])

print(data$`Country/Region`[is.na(data$Pays)])

dataPays<- data%>%dplyr::select(-`Province/State`, -Lat, -Long,-`Country/Region`)%>%group_by(Pays)%>%summarise_each(sum)

dataPays$Pays<-as.character(dataPays$Pays)

return(dataPays)

}

#loading the population size of each countries –> provided by the original creator.

population<- read.csv2(“C:/Users/dchae2/Desktop/Geographic Confirmed Cases/data/pop.csv”,stringsAsFactors = F)

population$pays<-as.character(unique(countries$NAME)[charmatch(population$Country,unique(countries$NAME))])

#The data source has been altered from using getURL –> actual CSV file. The CSV file is attached within the file

#This is the John’s Hopkins University Worldwide COVID-19 Dataset

data <- read.csv(“C:/Users/dchae2/Desktop/Geographic Confirmed Cases/data/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv”, check.names = F)

dataCases<- dataCook(data, Pop, countries)

data <- read.csv(“C:/Users/dchae2/Desktop/Geographic Confirmed Cases/data/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv”, check.names = F)

dataDeaths<- dataCook(data, Pop, countries)

#Changing the format of variables according to its proper format: Date, Numeric and character.

#also filtering out the NAs

#merging the dataset into data (Confirmed) Cases and data (Confirmed) Deaths for each country

dataPays<-function(data=dataCases) return(data)

jour<-names(dataCases%>%select(contains( “/”)))

jourDate<- as.Date(jour, “%m/%d/%y”)

names(dataCases)[str_detect(names(dataCases), “/”)]<-format.Date(jourDate, “%m/%d/%y”)

names(dataDeaths)[str_detect(names(dataDeaths), “/”)]<-format.Date(jourDate, “%m/%d/%y”)

dataCases<-left_join(data.frame(Pays = countries$NAME%>%as.character(), Pop =countries$POP_EST%>%as.character()%>%as.numeric()),dataCases)

dataCases<-dataCases%>%filter(!is.na(Pays))

dataDeaths<-left_join(data.frame(Pays = countries$NAME%>%as.character(), Pop =countries$POP_EST%>%as.character()%>%as.numeric()),dataDeaths)

dataDeaths<-dataDeaths%>%filter(!is.na(Pays))

arrondi<- function(x) 10^(ceiling(log10(x)))

dataDeaths[,3]<-ifelse(is.na(dataDeaths[,3]),0,dataDeaths[,3])

dataCases[,3]<-ifelse(is.na(dataCases[,3]),0,dataCases[,3])

for(i in 4: dim(dataDeaths)[2]) dataDeaths[,i]<- ifelse(is.na(dataDeaths[,i]), dataDeaths[,i-1],dataDeaths[,i])

for(i in 4: dim(dataCases)[2]) dataCases[,i]<- ifelse(is.na(dataCases[,i]), dataCases[,i-1],dataCases[,i])

#Creating UI

ui <- bootstrapPage(

tags$style(type = “text/css”, “html, body {width:100%;height:100%}”,

HTML( “.panel-default {background-color: rgb(256, 256, 256,0.5);

padding : 10px;;}

.panel-title {background-color: rgb(256, 256, 256,0.8);

padding : 10px;

border-style: solid;

border-color: grey;}

.panel-credits {background-color: rgb(256, 256, 256,1);

padding : 15px;

border-style: solid;

border-color: black;}

.panel-mobile {background-color: rgb(256, 256, 256,0);

padding : 15px;

box-shadow: unset;}

“)

),

leafletOutput(“map”, width = “100%”, height = “93%”),

column(6,HTML(“<b><a href=’https://www.linkedin.com/in/thibaut-fabacher’>Thibaut FABACHER</a></b></br>

<i>Groupe Methode en Recherche Clinique (Pr. MEYER) <a href=’http://www.chru-strasbourg.fr/’ target =’_blank’> CHRU STRASBOURG</a></br>Laboratoire de Biostatistique (Pr. SAULEAU)<a href=’https://icube.unistra.fr/’ target =’_blank’> ICUBE</a></i>”)),

column(2,br(), actionButton(“twitter_share”,

label = “Share”,

icon = icon(“twitter”))

),

column(2,br(),

checkboxInput(“plotEvolT”, “Show Evolution”,F)

),

column(2, br(),checkboxInput(“credits”, “Credits”, FALSE)),

absolutePanel(id = “input_date_control”,class = “panel panel-default”,bottom = 60, left = 10, draggable = F,

selectInput(“choices”, “Cases or Deaths ?”, choices = c(“Cases”,”Deaths”),selected = “Cases”),

uiOutput(“Slider”),

helpText(“The detail of each country can be obtained by clicking on it.”),

uiOutput(“selection”),

checkboxInput(“legend”, “Show legend”, TRUE)

),

absolutePanel(id = “mobile”,class = “panel panel-mobile”,top = 10, right = 10, HTML(“<a href=’https://thibautfabacher.shinyapps.io/covid-19-m/’>Mobile Version</a>”)),

uiOutput(“Credits”),

uiOutput(“mobile”),

uiOutput(“plotEvol”),

absolutePanel(id = “name”,class = “panel panel-title”,top = 10, left = 100, HTML(“<h1>COVID-19 outbreak</h1>”),draggable = T)

)

server <- function(input, output, session) {

dataPays<- reactive({

if(!is.null(input$choices)){

if(input$choices == “Cases”){

return( dataCases)

}else{

return(

dataDeaths)

}}

})

maxTotal<- reactive( max(dataPays()%>%select(-Pop)%>%select_if(is.numeric), na.rm = T)

)

maxTotalPrevalence<- reactive(max(dataPays()%>%select(-Pop)%>%select_if(is.numeric)%>%mutate_all(function(x) x/dataPays()$Pop*100000), na.rm = T)

)

Top5<-reactive( unique(c(dataPays()$Pays[order(dataPays()[,dim(dataPays())[2]]%>%unlist(),decreasing = T)][1:5]

,”France”)))

output$map <- renderLeaflet({

leaflet(data = countries) %>%

setView(0, 30, zoom = 3)

})

pal <- reactive(colorNumeric(c(“#FFFFFFFF” ,rev(inferno(256))), domain = c(0,log(arrondi(maxTotal())))))

pal2 <- reactive(colorNumeric(c(“#FFFFFFFF” ,rev(inferno(256))), domain = c(0,log(arrondi(maxTotalPrevalence())))))

observe({

casesDeath<- ifelse(input$choices == “Cases”,”Cases”,”Deaths”)

if (!is.null(input$day1)) {

indicator<-format.Date(input$day1, “%m/%d/%y”)

}else{

indicator = format.Date(max(jourDate), “%m/%d/%y”)

}

if (!is.null(input$day2)) {

indicator2<-format.Date(input$day2-c(1,0), “%m/%d/%y”)

}else{

indicator2 =format.Date(c(min(jourDate)-1,max(jourDate)), “%m/%d/%y”)

}

if(is.null(input$variable)){

}else{

variable<- input$variable

if(variable ==”Total cases/population”){

# nCases

countries2 <- merge(countries,

dataPays(),

by.x = “NAME”,

by.y = “Pays”,

sort = FALSE)

country_popup <- paste0(“<strong>Country: </strong>”,

countries2$NAME,

“<br><strong>”,

“Total cases/population :”,

” </strong>”,

round(countries2[[indicator]]/countries2$Pop*100000,2),” /100 000″)

leafletProxy(“map”, data = countries2)%>%

addPolygons(fillColor = pal2()(log((countries2[[indicator]]/countries2$Pop*100000)+1)),

layerId = ~NAME,

fillOpacity = 1,

color = “#BDBDC3”,

weight = 1,

popup = country_popup)

}else if(variable ==”Total cases”){

countries2 <- merge(countries,

dataPays(),

by.x = “NAME”,

by.y = “Pays”,

sort = FALSE)

country_popup <- paste0(“<strong>Country: </strong>”,

countries2$NAME,

“<br><strong>”,

“Total “,casesDeath,” :”,

” </strong>”,

round(countries2[[indicator]],2))

leafletProxy(“map”, data = countries2)%>%

addPolygons(fillColor = pal()(log((countries2[[indicator]])+1)),

fillOpacity = 1,

layerId = ~NAME,

color = “#BDBDC3”,

weight = 1,

popup = country_popup)

}else if(variable ==”New cases over period”){

dataPaysSel<-dataPays()%>%select(Pays, Pop)

if(indicator2[1] == format.Date(min(jourDate)-1, “%m/%d/%y”)){

dataPaysSel$ncases<-dataPays()[,indicator2[2]]

}else{

dataPaysSel$ncases<-dataPays()[,indicator2[2]]-dataPays()[,indicator2[1]]

}

# nCases

countries2 <- merge(countries,

dataPaysSel,

by.x = “NAME”,

by.y = “Pays”,

sort = FALSE)

country_popup <- paste0(“<strong>Country: </strong>”,

countries2$NAME,

“<br><strong>”,

“New “,casesDeath,” over period :”,

” </strong>”,

countries2$ncases)

leafletProxy(“map”, data = countries2)%>%

addPolygons(fillColor = pal()(log(countries2$ncases+1)),

fillOpacity = 1,

color = “#BDBDC3”,

layerId = ~NAME,

weight = 1,

popup = country_popup)

}else{

dataPaysSel<-dataPays()%>%select(Pays, Pop)

if(indicator2[1] == format.Date(min(jourDate)-1, “%m/%d/%y”)){

dataPaysSel$ncases<-dataPays()[,indicator2[2]]

}else{

dataPaysSel$ncases<-dataPays()[,indicator2[2]]-dataPays()[,indicator2[1]]

}

# nCases

countries2 <- merge(countries,

dataPaysSel,

by.x = “NAME”,

by.y = “Pays”,

sort = FALSE)

country_popup <- paste0(“<strong>Country: </strong>”,

countries2$NAME,

“<br><strong>”,

“New “,casesDeath,” over period / population :”,

” </strong>”,

round(countries2$ncases/countries2$Pop*100000,2),” /100 000″)

leafletProxy(“map”, data = countries2)%>%

addPolygons(fillColor = pal2()(log(countries2$ncases/countries2$Pop*100000+1)),

fillOpacity = 1,

color = “#BDBDC3”,

layerId = ~NAME,

weight = 1,

popup = country_popup)

}

}

}

)

observe({

if(is.null(input$variable)){

}else{

variable<- input$variable

proxy <- leafletProxy(“map”, data = countries)

# Remove any existing legend, and only if the legend is

# enabled, create a new one.

proxy %>% clearControls()

if (input$legend) {

if(variable %in% c(“Total cases/population”,”New cases over period/population”)){

proxy %>% addLegend(position = “bottomright”,

pal = pal2(),opacity = 1,

bins = log(10^(seq(0,log10(arrondi(maxTotalPrevalence())),0.5))),

value = log(1:10^(log10(arrondi(maxTotalPrevalence())))),

data =log(1:10^(log10(arrondi(maxTotalPrevalence())))),

labFormat = labelFormat(transform = function(x) round(exp(x)) ,suffix = ” /100 000″)

)

}else{

proxy %>% addLegend(position = “bottomright”,

pal = pal(),opacity = 1,

bins = log(10^(0:log10(arrondi(maxTotal())))),

value = log(1:10^(log10(arrondi(maxTotal())))),

data = log(10^(0:log10(arrondi(maxTotal())))),

labFormat = labelFormat(transform = exp )

)

}

}

}

})

output$Slider<-renderUI({

if(is.null(input$variable)){

}else{

if(input$variable %in% c(“Total cases”, “Total cases/population”)){

sliderInput(“day1”, “Day”, min(jourDate), max(jourDate),

value = c(max(jourDate)),animate = T, step = 1

#min(jourDate),

)}else{

sliderInput(“day2”, “Day”, min(jourDate), max(jourDate),

value = c(max(jourDate)-7,max(jourDate)),animate = T, step = 1

#min(jourDate),

)

}

}

})

output$selection <- renderUI({

if(input$choices ==”Cases”){

radioButtons(“variable”, choices = c(“New cases over period”,

“New cases over period/population”,”Total cases”, ‘Total cases/population’ ),

label = “Indicator”)

}else{

radioButtons(“variable”, choices = list(“Deaths over period”=”New cases over period”,

“Deaths over period/population”=”New cases over period/population”,

“Total deaths”=”Total cases”,

‘Total deaths/population’=’Total cases/population’ ),

label = “Indicator”)

}

})

output$plotEvol<-renderUI({

if (input$plotEvolT) {

tagList(absolutePanel(

id=”name”,

class=”panel panel-credits”,

top = 10,width = “700px”,

right = 10,draggable = F,

plotlyOutput(outputId = “evol”,width = “600px”),

actionButton(“reset”, “Reset Graph”),

actionButton(“clear”, “Clear all traces”)

))

}

})

output$evol <-renderPlotly({

if(input$variable %in% c(“Total cases/population”,”Total cases”)){

df_evo<- dataPays()%>%filter(Pays%in% trace$data)%>%pivot_longer(cols = -c(Pays,Pop),

values_to = “Cases”,names_to = “Date”)%>%

mutate(Date= lubridate::parse_date_time(Date, orders = c(“mdy”)))

if(input$variable==”Total cases/population”){

plot_ly(data = df_evo,x = ~Date, y = ~Cases/Pop*100000, color = ~Pays, type = “scatter”,mode = “lines”)%>%

layout(yaxis = list( title = paste(input$choices,”/ 100 000″)))

}else{

plot_ly(data = df_evo,x = ~Date, y = ~Cases, color = ~Pays, type = “scatter”,mode = “lines”)%>%

layout(yaxis = list( title = input$choices))

}

}else{

df_evo<- dataPays()%>%filter(Pays%in% trace$data)

for(i in dim( df_evo)[2]:4) df_evo[i]<- df_evo[i]- df_evo[i-1]

df_evo<- df_evo%>%pivot_longer(cols = -c(Pays,Pop),

values_to = “Cases”,names_to = “Date”)%>%

mutate(Date= lubridate::parse_date_time(Date, orders = c(“mdy”)))

if( input$variable==”New cases over period/population”){

plot_ly(data = df_evo,x = ~Date, y = ~Cases/Pop*100000, color = ~Pays, type = “scatter”,mode = “lines”)%>%

layout(yaxis = list( title = paste(input$choices,”/ 100 000/day”)))

}else{

plot_ly(data = df_evo,x = ~Date, y = ~Cases, color = ~Pays, type = “scatter”,mode = “lines”)%>%

layout(yaxis = list( title = paste(input$choices,”/day”)))

}

}

})

trace<- reactiveValues()

observe({trace$data<-Top5()

})

observeEvent(input$reset, {

for (i in 1: length(trace$data)){

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“deleteTraces”,list(0))

}

if(input$variable %in% c(“Total cases/population”,”Total cases”)){

df_evo<- dataPays()%>%filter(Pays%in% Top5())%>%pivot_longer(cols = -c(Pays,Pop),

values_to = “Cases”,names_to = “Date”)%>%

mutate(Date= lubridate::parse_date_time(Date, orders = c(“mdy”)))

if(input$variable==”Total cases/population”){

for (i in Top5()){

df_evoi<- df_evo%>%filter(Pays == i)

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_evoi$Date ,

name =i ,

y = df_evoi$Cases/df_evoi$Pop*100000,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’))

}

}else{

for (i in Top5()){

df_evoi<- df_evo%>%filter(Pays == i)

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_evoi$Date ,

name =i ,

y = df_evoi$Cases,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’))

}

}

}else{

df_evo<- dataPays()%>%filter(Pays%in% Top5())

for(i in dim(df_evo)[2]:4) df_evo[i]<-df_evo[i]-df_evo[i-1]

df_evo<-df_evo%>%pivot_longer(cols = -c(Pays,Pop),

values_to = “Cases”,names_to = “Date”)%>%

mutate(Date= lubridate::parse_date_time(Date, orders = c(“mdy”)))

if( input$variable==”New cases over period/population”){

for (i in Top5()){

df_evoi<- df_evo%>%filter(Pays == i)

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_evoi$Date ,

name =i ,

y = df_evoi$Cases/df_evoi$Pop*100000,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’))

}

}else{

for (i in Top5()){

df_evoi<- df_evo%>%filter(Pays == i)

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_evoi$Date ,

name =i ,

y = df_evoi$Cases,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’))

}

}

}

trace$data<-Top5()

})

observeEvent(input$clear, {

for (i in 1: length(trace$data)){

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“deleteTraces”,list(0))

}

trace$data<- NULL

})

observeEvent(input$map_shape_click, {

country_Click<- input$map_shape_click$id

if (!country_Click%in%trace$data & input$plotEvolT){

trace$data<-c(trace$data,country_Click)

if(input$variable %in% c(“Total cases/population”,”Total cases”)){

df_click<- dataPays()%>%filter(Pays%in% country_Click)%>%pivot_longer(cols = -c(Pays,Pop),

values_to = “Cases”,names_to = “Date”)%>%

mutate(Date= lubridate::parse_date_time(Date, orders = c(“mdy”)))

if(input$variable==”Total cases/population”){

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_click$Date ,

name =country_Click ,

y = df_click$Cases/df_click$Pop*100000,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’))

}else{

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_click$Date ,

name =country_Click ,

y = df_click$Cases,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’))

}

}else{

df_click<- dataPays()%>%filter(Pays%in% country_Click)

for(i in dim( df_click)[2]:4) df_click[i]<- df_click[i]- df_click[i-1]

df_click<- df_click%>%pivot_longer(cols = -c(Pays,Pop),

values_to = “Cases”,names_to = “Date”)%>%

mutate(Date= lubridate::parse_date_time(Date, orders = c(“mdy”)))

if( input$variable==”New cases over period/population”){

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_click$Date ,

name =country_Click ,

y = df_click$Cases/df_click$Pop*100000,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’))

}else{

plotlyProxy(“evol”, session) %>%

plotlyProxyInvoke(“addTraces”,

list(x =df_click$Date ,

name =country_Click ,

y = df_click$Cases,

type = ‘scatter’,

mode = ‘lines’)) 

}

}

}

})

output$mobile<- renderUI({

if (!input$plotEvolT) {

absolutePanel(id = “mobile”,class = “panel panel-mobile”,top = 10, right = 10, HTML(“<a href=’https://thibautfabacher.shinyapps.io/covid-19-m/’>Mobile Version</a>”))

}

})

output$Credits <- renderUI({

if (input$credits) {

tagList(

absolutePanel(

id=”name”,

class=”panel panel-credits”,

top = “45%”,

left = “45%”,

HTML(

“<h1> Data Source : </h1>

<p> <li><a href=’https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html’>Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases map Johns Hopkins University</a></li>

<li>COVID-19 Cases : <a href=’https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19′ target=’_blank’>Github Johns Hopkins University</a></li>

<li>World population : <a href=’https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population’ target=’_blank’>Wikipedia</a></li>

<li>Shapefile : <a href=’https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/50m-cultural-vectors/50m-admin-0-countries-2/’ target=’_blank’>Natural Earth Data</a></li>

 <li> <a href =’https://github.com/DrFabach/Corona’ target=’_blank’>Code on Github </a></li>

 <li> <a href = ‘https://www.r-project.org/’ target=’_blank’>The R Project for Statistical Computing</a></li>

<li> <a href = ‘https://shiny.rstudio.com/’ target=’_blank’>Shiny R package</a></li>

<li> <a href = ‘https://leafletjs.com/’ target=’_blank’>Leaflet </a></li>

</p>”

),

draggable = T

)

)

}

})

}

shinyApp(ui, server)